A three-dimensional multi-phase-field vesicles model and its practical finite difference solver

Authors: Y. Wu, Z. Qiu, J. Yang

This paper presents a three-dimensional multi-phase-field vesicles model and discusses its practical finite difference solver. It is currently published in Computer Physics Communications (CPC).

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Main Contributions:

• Implemented a hybrid numerical solver for 3D fluid vesicle dynamics in C++, integrating phase-field models into an existing simulation framework.
• Applied a semi-implicit finite difference scheme to evolve phase-field equations, ensuring rigorous numerical stability and energy conservation.
• Optimized memory management and data storage strategies, significantly reducing computational overhead for multi-vesicle interaction simulations.

Phase-field simulation of 8 spherical vesicles with 2 phase-field variables.

Phase-field simulation of 3 stacked vesicles with distinct phase-field variables.

Recommended citation: Y. Wu, Z. Qiu, J. Yang, A three-dimensional multi-phase-field vesicles model and its practical finite difference solver, Comput. Phys. Commun. 321 (2026) 110053.
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